Jade has been handed down for thousands of years, from primitive making, simple carving to exquisite carving. Jade carving techniques developed from simple small pieces such as cigarette holders and bracelets in the Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China to medium-sized pieces in the 1970s after the founding of the people's Republic of China, and large-scale jade carving works in the 1980s and 1990s. The characteristics of the jade carving process include material construction, skillful scraping, eviscerating dirt and removing grain, transforming flaws into jade, skillfully using skillful colors, relief, circular carving, openwork, inlay and assembly, etc.
1、 Material application
Because the material is the most important craft in jade carving. Jade carving is a craft creation with no fixed shape. Jade carving needs to be imagined and put on the jade without any modification. Each work needs to start from material, color, shape, etc. to make the best use of jade materials, especially in the creation of figures, flowers and birds, flowers and animals. Jade carving has a long history, and its materials and techniques are becoming more and more reasonable. In history, only small pieces are used as the main products, and the number of products is limited. With the progress of technology and the improvement of technology, the material and application technology are becoming more and more skilled and the works are more colorful. Its jade carving shape, work size, color reasonable utilization and so on all obtain the best effect because of the material application art.
2、 Pluck out the dirt and remove the lock
Dirt and grain are taboos in jade products. To gouge out the dirt is to remove the impurities from the jade, so that the jade is more pure and bright. It's difficult to find the jade material without any impurity in the whole body for large jade carving. We should try our best to gouge out the dirt, and design the work according to its features to make the most of the material. In the production process of the work, the impurities, such as black or white dots or rice grains, are exposed again or many times, especially in the main part of the front, which is the most difficult problem for designers to deal with, and they should try their best to deal with or "cover up". Many jade works change the original structure of the work because of gouging out the dirt. They not only remove the dirt but also make the structure and shape more reasonable.
Remove the lock. Grain is the natural crack in jade, without definite shape, direction and law. The cause of formation of grain is affected by many factors such as natural force impact and cold change. The types of grain include broken grain, broken grain, turtle back grain, fried heart grain, fried shock grain, etc. The processing of jade should first pay attention to the processing of grain, or sawing along grain or hiding grain. After removing the grain, design according to the shape of the material. After the design of the carving, there are also many grain again, said "grain", "water line". Designers and craftsmen need to think hard to remove the lock and change the shape, which has unexpected effect. Jade carving works are not stereotyped, gouging out the dirt and removing the lock. Although they are not good, they have the creative effect of "blessing in misfortune".
3、 Turning flaws into yoga
Flaws are originally taboo in jade, but it is difficult to find crystal clear Jasper in jade. Especially after mining for 100 years, jade resources are treasured and jade materials are fully utilized, which has been paid attention to by jade carving experts for a long time, forming the carving process characteristics of "turning flaws into jade". The works created by Hua Xia for Yu not only do not affect the works, but also make the works vivid, increase the sense of verisimilitude, and achieve the effect that ordinary jade materials cannot achieve.
4、 Skillful use of waste
The purpose of using waste materials skillfully is to treasure jade resources, reduce the cost of works, and create jade carving crafts with the same value as or higher than the value of finished jade materials. Especially in making full use of non renewable jade resources, "using waste materials skillfully" is even more precious.
5、 Smart use
Beautiful color is one of the characteristics of jade carving, which is widely used in jade carving field. Jade is mainly green, with yellow, black, red, white and other colors. There are lake green, apple green, grass green and green white. Some of the jade is variegated, red, yellow, ink, green and other colors are gathered in one, and the color is gorgeous. The river polished jade is dark green, and it is wrapped with brown yellow jade skin. The rich color and quality of jade materials provide a good material basis for the skillful use of beautiful colors in the production, and also make jade products exquisite, vivid and lifelike, giving people a lifelike and vivid feeling, and making the world more true love.
Six, relief
Relief is one of the jade carving techniques. Shape or carve the image on the base plate of the carving plane. The contour line of the body is similar to that of the painting. The convex and concave changes in different ways. It is not limited to the form and is mainly appreciated from the front. Reliefs are mainly used in simple life, furnaces, bottles and utensils. Other works are also used in reliefs. Because of various patterns and patterns of relief, jade carving works are antique and elegant. There are many kinds of relief.
Shallow relief: that is to say, the sculpture is relatively shallow, with few layers crossing, and its depth is generally no more than 2 mm. The requirements of the shallow relief for the hook line are strict. The combination of line and surface is often used to enhance the stereoscopic sense of the picture;
Medium relief: the bottom of the ground is deeper than the shallow relief, and the level changes more. Generally, the depth of the ground is 2-5mm, which is also determined by the thickness of the chamber wall.
Deep relief: multi-level cross, strong sense of three-dimensional. There are two types of relief patterns: one is the traditional various deformation patterns, such as back pattern, thunder pattern, hook lotus pattern and so on. One is realistic patterns such as flowers, grass and insects, birds and animals, landscapes, figures and concrete dragon and Phoenix, auspicious patterns, etc. All kinds of deformed traditional animal patterns make the utensils simple, solemn and heavy. The plant pattern is rich and light. The geometric pattern makes the utensils stable and even. Deformation patterns are often applied to the belly, neck and various edges of vessels.
Seven, engraving
Openwork is the further development of relief, also known as openwork. On the basis of shallow relief or deep relief, some of them are equivalent to "ground" or
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